Harmful animal use in education and training remains widespread among life and health sciences disciplines. Humane teaching alternatives include ethically-sourced cadavers, models, mannequins, mechanical simulators, videos, computer and virtual reality simulations, and supervised clinical and surgical experiences. In this study we assessed and summarized studies of their educational effectiveness, through the process of a systematic review. We found 50 published educational studies of students, within which humane teaching methods produced learning outcomes superior (30%), equivalent (60%), or inferior (10%) to those produced by traditional harmful animal use. These results are clear—there is no valid educational reason for continued harmful animal use in education and training. Our full study is at
https://rebrand.ly/2021/Educational-a... and
https://AndrewKnight.info.